NOTE: This is PART 1 of this unit.
PART 2 covers different parts of the city, Urban Landuse Models and Transport. These are lessons 5 - 13. |
Why are there so many big cities located near a river? Why are most villages located on south facing slopes in Europe? Can a settlement have more than one function? What is a hierarchy and why do we use it? What is a high-order good and why are you likely to travel far to get one? How do we classify settlement shapes? Let's find out!
The lessons covered in PART 1 of this unit are: 1. Site and situation 2. Settlement function 3. Classification of settlements 4. Settlement shape |
1. SITE AND SITUATION
🡺 I understand the difference between settlement site and settlement situation.
🡺 I can analyse the locational factors affecting the development of original settlement including wet point, dry point, building materials, defence, fuel supply, bridging point, shelter and aspect. A settlement is a place where people live. Settlements can be classified by:
Site – the point at which the settlement is located. Situation – where the settlement is located in related to surrounding features such as other settlements rivers and communications. This situation determines whether or not it will continue to grow to become a large town or city. These factors on the right affected the development of original settlements. |
Look at these four settlements. Think about their site. If you click on them, you will be taken to their location on google maps. This will help you find out more about their situation.
Geo-check!
1. Which site do you think that each group of the pre-historic settlers would choose and why?
a. Warriors (want easy defense)
b. Builders (want flat, dry land with supply of wood)
c. Water carrier (want fresh water and clay for pots)
d. Cattle herder (want moist land, not steep)
e. Farmers (want flat land and water supply)
2. The chief of the tribe has to make a final decision. She has to take note of all the opinions of the groups in the tribe and pick the best one for everyone. Which would you choose if you were the chief?
a. Warriors (want easy defense)
b. Builders (want flat, dry land with supply of wood)
c. Water carrier (want fresh water and clay for pots)
d. Cattle herder (want moist land, not steep)
e. Farmers (want flat land and water supply)
2. The chief of the tribe has to make a final decision. She has to take note of all the opinions of the groups in the tribe and pick the best one for everyone. Which would you choose if you were the chief?
2. SETTLEMENT FUNCTION
🡺 I recognise the major function of certain settlements including market town, industrial, port, tourist resort, residential, capital - administrative, and religious.
🡺 I can identify named examples of such settlements. 🡺 I am aware that the function of a settlement can change over time. FUNCTION – a settlements’ main activity.
GUESS THE FUNCTION OF THE SETTLEMENTS IN THE PHOTOS! Market town
Industrial
Port
Tourist resort
Residential
Capital - administrative
Religious
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Geo-check!
1. Name one function for each of the following Maltese towns.
2. Many settlements have changed their function over time. Use the word list here to continue the paragraph.
defensive holiday longer high-tech tourists
Settlement functions can change over time. In some cases the original function may no ___________________ exist. For example, the towns of Valletta and Mdina no longer have a __________________ function. On the contrary the gates of these towns are open to attract ________________ from other countries.
A fishing village might abandon fishing altogether and become a _________________ resort, or a mining town that is short of raw materials may develop into a _________________ industrial area.
3. There are a list of explanations below (a - g). Match the main function of these towns and an example for each from below.
FUNCTION:
SETTLEMENT
a. This is a coastal town important for trade. Ships come in here to load and unload their cargo.
b. Here we find many factories where raw materials are manufactured into goods for sale.
c. This town is by the sea. There are many hotels and places of entertainment near the sea front.
d. A place visited by people for religious purposes.
e. Where the majority of residents live but work elsewhere.
f. Originally there was a large open space in the centre. Farmers came here to buy and sell their produce.
g. This would be the most important town important for administration. Here one finds the most important government offices.
- Birżebbuġa
- Marsa
- Mrieħel
- Buġibba
- Paola
- Santa Luċia
- Valletta
- Sliema
2. Many settlements have changed their function over time. Use the word list here to continue the paragraph.
defensive holiday longer high-tech tourists
Settlement functions can change over time. In some cases the original function may no ___________________ exist. For example, the towns of Valletta and Mdina no longer have a __________________ function. On the contrary the gates of these towns are open to attract ________________ from other countries.
A fishing village might abandon fishing altogether and become a _________________ resort, or a mining town that is short of raw materials may develop into a _________________ industrial area.
3. There are a list of explanations below (a - g). Match the main function of these towns and an example for each from below.
FUNCTION:
- Market Town
- Religious town
- Capital/Administrative
- Tourist resort
- Industrial town
- Residential
- Port
SETTLEMENT
- Sliema
- York
- Valletta
- Rotterdam
- Santa Lucia
- Birmingham
- Lourdes
a. This is a coastal town important for trade. Ships come in here to load and unload their cargo.
b. Here we find many factories where raw materials are manufactured into goods for sale.
c. This town is by the sea. There are many hotels and places of entertainment near the sea front.
d. A place visited by people for religious purposes.
e. Where the majority of residents live but work elsewhere.
f. Originally there was a large open space in the centre. Farmers came here to buy and sell their produce.
g. This would be the most important town important for administration. Here one finds the most important government offices.
3. CLASSIFICATION OF SETTLEMENTS
🡺 I can recognise hierarchy of settlement (hamlet, village, small town, large town, city, conurbation) and range of services provided.
Hierarchy – the arrangement of settlements in an ‘order of importance’. There are 3 different methods to determine the ‘order of importance’. POPULATION SIZE
RANGE AND NUMBER OF SERVICES
SPHERE OF INFLUENCE
Threshold population
2500 people needed for a doctor 10,000 people for a secondary school 50,000 people needed for Marks & Spenser RANGE The maximum distance that people are prepared to travel to obtain a service. Small range
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Geo-check!
1. Continue the following sentences by referring to the settlement hierarchy:
a. A conurbation is at the top of the hierarchy because ...
b. A hamlet is at the bottom of the hierarchy because ...
c. As settlement size increases, the number of settlements ...
2. Name two services that you might find in a town, but not in a village.
3. Why does a village have fewer services than a town?
4. Read the list of statements below. Which are true and which are false?
a. There are more large settlements than small ones.
b. There are more small settlements than large ones.
c. Smaller settlements are closer together.
d. Larger settlements are closer together.
e. The larger the settlement the more services it provides.
f. The smaller the settlement the more services it provides.
g. More people live in larger settlements.
h. More people live in small settlements.
a. A conurbation is at the top of the hierarchy because ...
b. A hamlet is at the bottom of the hierarchy because ...
c. As settlement size increases, the number of settlements ...
2. Name two services that you might find in a town, but not in a village.
3. Why does a village have fewer services than a town?
4. Read the list of statements below. Which are true and which are false?
a. There are more large settlements than small ones.
b. There are more small settlements than large ones.
c. Smaller settlements are closer together.
d. Larger settlements are closer together.
e. The larger the settlement the more services it provides.
f. The smaller the settlement the more services it provides.
g. More people live in larger settlements.
h. More people live in small settlements.
4. SETTLEMENT SHAPE
🡺 I can recognise the different patterns (shapes) of settlement including; dispersed, nucleated and linear.
🡺 I know the reasons for the development of the three types of settlement shapes. Villages have characteristic shapes but vary from place to place. DISPERSED
NUCLEATED
LINEAR
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Look at the images below. What settlement pattern do they have?
Geo-check!
1. What type of settlement pattern do you think each of these conditions would encourage and why?
a. few sources of water
b. an arable (crop) farming
c. the need for defense
d. a railway passing through a narrow valley
a. few sources of water
b. an arable (crop) farming
c. the need for defense
d. a railway passing through a narrow valley
3. What sorts of settlements are found at the grid references given below? Write down the grid reference, the name of the settlement, and decide what sort of settlement it is.
Settlement name
Settlement type
Grid reference
4. Give two possible reasons for;
a. the absence of settlement in areas A, F and G.
b. the absence of settlement in area D.
c. the concentration of settlement in B, C and E.
Settlement name
- Sandy House
- Wooler
- Ewart Newton
- Doddington
Settlement type
- Hamlet
- Isolated Farm
- Market Town
- Village
Grid reference
- 969318
- 9928
- 998326
- 934325
4. Give two possible reasons for;
a. the absence of settlement in areas A, F and G.
b. the absence of settlement in area D.
c. the concentration of settlement in B, C and E.